Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is procedures that intentionally alter or cause injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. FGM is accepted an act of violation against human rights of girls and women internationally, and it is one of the extreme cases which shows discrimination and sexual inequality. FGM mostly occurs in unsanitary settings, and causes complications, a great deal of pain and trauma. By the research of WHO, it was revealed that women under FGM were more exposed to risks than those who were not. After FGM, women suffer pain when having sexual intercourse and have difficulty in healthy sexual life with decreased satisfaction and desire. In the long run, they suffer from chronic vaginitis, menstrual disorders, urethritis, etc.

FGM has been done to more than 200 million girls and women in more than 30 countries in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. In most cases, infants and girls under the age of 15 are targeted. WHO has conducted a study of the economic costs of treating health complications of GFM and has found that current costs for 27 countries was total 1.4 billion USD during a one year period of 2018. Nevertheless, the reason for FGM is mostly socio-cultural in the family or community. In some cultures, FGM is recognized as a deep-rooted tradition, a procedure that must be gone through life, and it is challenging to be eradicated because of various problems.

In the international community, we are working hard to eradicate Female Genital Mutilation. It also encourages policymakers, educators, health care workers, religious people, and communities in countries where FGM is being conducted to inform them of the dangers of it and encourages them to enact legislation that bans FGM, and monitors whether the law applies well even after it is authorized to punish FGM. Also, because FGM is a result of discrimination against women, international society is carrying out campaigns to change the perception of the community.